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Sports and drug testing

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Sports and drug testing

By: Adam

About the Author

Adam Jullivan is a druggist and a freelance writer. He writes many Article on various topic. He recommends you to visit http://www.concateno.com/ for drug testing.

(ArticlesBase SC #2795057)

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Sports and drug testing

Commonly referred to as “doping”, one of the biggest problems in modern sports is the use of performance enhancing drugs. As you might imagine, the organisations that regulate major competitions take a dim view of this kind of behaviour; taking a drug to build your muscle growth or to give you a boost of energy is hardly fair competition after all.

Even if you take the view that doping is no more of a threat to fair competition than high-technology materials in sports clothing and equipment, performance enhancing drugs can present a substantial threat to health in both the long term and the short term. With the pressure of competition, it’s not unknown for athletes to cause major damage to their health in a bid to go beyond the limits of natural endurance and performance.

It took a little while for public opinion and sporting bodies to take a stance against drug use in sports though. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the practice wasn’t something swept under the carpet – it was openly used. As incongruous as it might seem, they were even used in endurance walking races – one contestant in an 1807 race openly used laudanum to stay awake for upwards of 24 hours.

It was the widespread use of nitroglycerine – the drug used to stimulate the hearts of cardiac arrest victims – in the bicycle races of Europe and America that put ‘doping’ out of fashion though. Although the drug kept the riders alert and active beyond the limits of human endurance, the side effects were fairly disruptive.

One champion of the American circuit, Major Taylor, was unable to finish a race in New York because of the hallucinations his drug use and sheer exhaustion had caused. As he put it, “I cannot go with safety, for there is a man chasing me around the ring with a knife in his hand.”

Although few cases of doping have had such dramatic effects as this case, almost every major sporting body has implemented a drug testing programme for competitive events in the wake of the public backlash against this kind of activity. The first was the International Association of Athletics Federations, who banned the practice in 1928 – even though they lacked any kind of drug testing kit and had to rely upon good sportsman ship and an honest word. It took decades but eventually the policy was adopted by FIFA, the Union Cycliste Internationale and the International Olympic Committee in 1966.

Ever since there has been an ongoing battle between pharmaceutical science on one side of the doping divide and advances on the other. Drug designers keep trying to find workarounds for detection methods whilst the authorities and the more reputable elements of the science world try to find new ways of detecting them.

In 1999, regulatory efforts around the world were combined for the very first time and the Word Anti Doping Agency was founded. Today, drug testing kits are developed to a universal high standard and increasing numbers of athletes are caught in the act.

Retrieved from “http://www.articlesbase.com/alternative-medicine-articles/sports-and-drug-testing-2795057.html”

(ArticlesBase SC #2795057)

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About the Author:

Adam Jullivan is a druggist and a freelance writer. He writes many Article on various topic. He recommends you to visit http://www.concateno.com/ for drug testing.

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Examining International Relations In The Realm Of Sports Through History

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Home Page > Sports and Fitness > Examining International Relations In The Realm Of Sports Through History

Examining International Relations In The Realm Of Sports Through History

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Examining International Relations In The Realm Of Sports Through History

By: Jonathon Hardcastle

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Jonathon Hardcastle writes articles on many topics including Sports, Games, and Cooking

(ArticlesBase SC #58208)

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Examining International Relations In The Realm Of Sports Through History

Although the precise origins of the connection between sports and international relations remain obscure, all cultures have participated over the course of history in different physical contests that fostered cultural exchange and contributed to their citizens’ political discourse. The ancient Egyptians swam, raced, wrestled, and played games with balls. The ancient Greeks held large athletic festivals, including the Olympic Games that drew athletes’ attention from all over the ancient world. Two of the very first ‘nations’ to engage their athletes in sport competitions, were the Greeks and the Romans. They competed in various athletic events like chariot races, or throwing the javelin, often relying on the participation of animals, or on the use of mechanical contrivances, a tradition continued into modern times in sports such as dog racing, horse racing, and shooting.

During the Middle Ages, the cultural isolation imposed by the feudal system and religious doctrine that opposed the use of the body for play hampered the development of organised sport in the Western world. For many centuries, contests between knights in tournaments that emphasised military skill were among the only forms of approved, public sports. In the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, games and exercise attained renewed popularity. As had been the case in ancient times, however, politics and social class circumscribed activity. Sports that required wealth or leisure, such as polo or falconry, were the province of the upper classes, affluent nations, while inexpensive, massed sports, such as soccer, took root among commoners and underdeveloped countries.

The late 19th century witnessed an expanding belief in sport as useful recreation and as a mean of interconnectivity between people and nations, while in industrialized societies equipment was standardized, local and national organizations were set up to govern play, and a doctrine of character-building declared sports to be a necessary endeavor for men. The revival of the Olympics in 1896 and the blossoming U.S. intercollegiate athletic system boosted many forms of amateur, or unpaid sports at the same time that professional sports (such as baseball, boxing, and bicycle racing) drew large numbers of spectators. Sports that were traditionally played only in specific countries became by legislative act or general acceptance, national sports, like baseball in the United States, bullfighting in Spain and Mexico, cricket in England, and ice hockey in Canada.

During the 20th century, sports took on an increasingly international flavor aside from the world championships for individual sports, like soccer’s World Cup, large-scale international meets, such as the Pan-American Games and the Commonwealth Games, were inaugurated. Sports have correspondingly become increasingly politicized, as the boycott of the 1980 Moscow games by Western nations has shown, or the retaliatory boycott of the 1984 Los Angeles games by Soviet-bloc nations, an exchange brought on by Soviet actions in Afghanistan.

Despite the difficulties that rose over the past, sport events are considered today a great opportunity for individual countries to promote their cultures, politics and trade. The new terms of globalization and international relations came into the scene of economic evolution and affected sport’s politics, regulations, communication and society as a whole, by using sports mass acceptance as a dominant tool for international negotiations and cultural exchange.

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Pete Sampras, Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods, Barry Bonds are great sportsmen who have one thing in common among themselves. They have excelled in their sport of choice and have achieved greatness. Almost all of the equipment they used at one time or another during their rise to fame and fortune have been made out of or contain aluminum tubes!

Sports and recreation are two areas where the use of aluminum tubes has made great inroads in the manufacturing process of equipment. Baseball bats, frames of bicycle racers, wheel assemblies of skateboards, golf club heads, tennis racquet frames, exhaust headers and manifolds of race cars are just a few of the sports equipment that have been greatly improved and made superior with the use of extruded aluminum tubes.

Both fans and players love to hear the solid sound of a ball being hit squarely by a player’s baseball bat when a ballgame is in progress. Today’s baseball bat is a so much different from the ones used by Babe Ruth, baseball bats then are made of wood whereas today’s modern bats are made of extruded aluminum tubes albeit they still have wood inside. The combination of wood and aluminum made the players hit better and farther than before!

All cyclists in the world’s ultimate bicycle race, the Tour de France, use racers constructed from aluminum tube alloys in order to lower the weights of their bicycles to combat drag and in order to be able to pedal faster with lesser effort on their part.

The transition of tennis players from using wooden tennis racquets to aluminum framed tennis racquets also contributed to tennis advance into being considered a power game as players gained more control over their strokes when they started using racquets made from extruded aluminum tubes in various widths and sizes.

The water sport community also took great advantage of the versatility of aluminum tubes. Windsurfers, Hobie Cat enthusiasts, deep sea fishermen and even weekend water babies all use gadgets, parts and gears for their particular sport manufactured from marine grade aluminum tubes and stock. One important quality of aluminum is that is can be given an anodize coat and painted over to match the color scheme of your rig. From windsurfing beams to oars and deep sea fishing gear, aluminum tubes are in wide use in the marine community.

Take a look at the bottom of your son’s skateboard and chances are you will see that the wheel assemblies of high performance, competition type skateboards are made of aluminum tubes.

On the home front, even your outdoor chaise lounge and patio furniture, outdoor awning and umbrella and the ever present portable barbecue grill all have aluminum tubes as their main components.

Such is the versatility of aluminum that it is used regularly and extensively in more applications than we can imagine. Look at an elderly person’s walking cane and you will surely see a variant of the aluminum tube, anodized and painted, a testimony to the metal’s usefulness in almost all aspects of our daily living.

Types of sport

Physical sports

Air sports

Lima Lima aerobatics team performing over Louisville.

Main article: Air sports

Aerobatics

Gliding aerobatics

Air racing

Ballooning

Cluster ballooning

Hopper ballooning

Wingsuit flying

Gliding

Hang gliding

Human powered aircraft

Model aircraft

Parachuting

Banzai skydiving

BASE jumping

Skysurfing

Wingsuit flying

Paragliding

Archery

Members of the Gotemba Kyd Association demonstrate Kyd.

Main article: Archery

Clout archery

Field archery

Flight archery

Gungdo

Kyd

Popinjay (sport)

Target archery

Auto racing

Main article: Auto racing

Autocross

Autograss

Banger racing

Board track racing

Combine Racing

Demolition derby

Dirt track racing

Drag racing

Drifting

Folkrace

Formula racing

Formula One

Formula Two

Formula Three

Formula Student

Hillclimbing

Ice racing

Kart racing

Legends car racing

Midget car racing

Off-road racing

Open wheel racing

Pickup truck racing

Production car racing

Rallycross

Rallying

Road racing

Short track motor racing

Slalom

snowmobileracing

Sports car racing

Sprint car racing

Street racing

Stock car racing

Time Attack

Touring car racing

Truck racing

Bat-and-ball

Main article: Bat-and-ball

Baseball – four bases

Bat-and-Trap

British baseball – four posts

Brnnboll – four bases

Corkball – four bases (no base-running)

Cricket – two wickets

Test cricket

First-class cricket

Blind cricket

Catchy Shubby

Club cricket

French cricket

Gilli-danda

Kilikiti

One Day International

Kwik cricket

List A cricket

Pro40

Indoor Cricket

Super Sixes Cricket

Limited overs cricket

Short form cricket

Single Wicket

T-Ball

Twenty20

Lapta – two salos (bases)

The Massachusetts Game – four bases

Mta and longa mta (long mta) – Hungarian game

Oina – One (Two, Three, or Four)

Old Cat – variable

Over-the-line – qv

Pespallo – four bases

Podex

Rounders – four bases or posts

Scrub baseball – four bases (not a team game per se)

Softball – four bases

Stickball – variable

Stool ball – two stools

T-Ball

Town ball – variable

K-Ball

Vigoro – two wickets

Wireball

Wiffleball

Board sports

Main article: Board sports

Sports that are played with some sort of board as the primary equipment.

Skateboard vert jump at the Sprite urban games 2006 in London.

Snowboard figure at the 2008 Shakedown

Surfing in Hawaii

Skateboarding

Casterboarding

Freeboard (skateboard)

Longboarding

Streetboarding

Skysurfing

Streetluge

Snowboarding

Mountainboarding

Sandboarding

Snowkiting

Surfing

Wakesurfing

Bodyboarding

Riverboarding

Skimboarding

Wakeboarding

Kneeboarding

fingerboarding

Boules

Lawn bowler Tim Mason

Main article: Boules

Bocce

Boccia

Boule lyonnaise

Bowls

Curling

Klootschieten

Ptanque

Varpa

Bowling

Main article: Bowling

Candlepin bowling

Duckpin bowling

Five-pin bowling

Skittles (sport)

Ten-pin bowling

Catch games

Curby

Dodgeball

Ga-ga

Prisoner Ball

Yukigassen

Climbing

Canyoning

Main article: Climbing

Rock Climbing

Bouldering

Canyoning (Canyoneering)

Mountaineering

Rope Climbing

Ice Climbing

[[Cheerleading]]

Cycling

A Track Cycling Race

Main article: Cycling

Sports using bicycles or unicycles.

Bicycle

Main article: Bicycle

Artistic cycling

BMX racing

Bobrun cycling

Freestyle BMX

Cyclo-cross

Crosscountry Mountain biking

Road bicycle racing

Track cycling

Downhill Mountain biking

Freeride Mountain biking

Dirt jumping

Slopestyle

Racing Bicycle (The Award of Records Sports)

unicycling

Skibob

Skibobbing

Unicycle

Main article: Unicycle

Mountain unicycling

Unicycle trials

Combat sports

Main article: Combat sports

Main article: Martial Arts

Combat sport is a competitive contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of engagement.

Grappling

Aikido

Aiki-jjutsu

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

Catch wrestling

Glima

Judo

Jujutsu

Kinomichi

Kurash

Malla-yuddha

Mongolian wrestling

Pehlwani

Sambo (martial art)

Shuai Jiao

Ssireum

Sumo

Varzesh-e Pahlavani

Wrestling

Yal Gre

Skirmish

Airsoft

Laser tag

Paintball

Weapons

Battjutsu

Eskrima

Egyptian stick fencing

Fencing

Gatka

Haidong Gumdo

Hojjutsu

Iaid

Iaijutsu

Jd

Jogo do Pau

Jkend

Juttejutsu

Kendo

Kenjutsu

kung fu

Kyd

Kyjutsu

Modern Arnis

Naginatajutsu

Okinawan kobud

Shurikenjutsu

Silambam

Sjutsu

wushu (sport)

Striking

Choi Kwang-Do

Boxing

Bokator

Capoeira

Fujian White Crane

Karate

Kenp

Kickboxing

Lethwei

Muay Thai

Pradal Serey

San shou

Savate

Shaolin kung fu

Sikaran

Silat

Subak

Taekkyeon

Taekwondo

Taido

Wing Chun

Wing Tsun

Zui Quan

Mixed or hybrid

Baguazhang

Bando

Bartitsu

Bujinkan

Hapkido

Hwa Rang Do

Jeet Kune Do

Kajukenbo

Kalarippayattu

Krav Maga

Kuk Sool Won

MCMAP

Mixed martial arts

Northern Praying Mantis

Ninjutsu

Pankration

Pencak Silat

Sanshou

Shidokan

Shoot boxing

Shootfighting

Shorinji Kempo

Systema

Tai chi chuan

Vajra Mushti

Vovinam

Xingyiquan

Yoga

Cue sports

Main article: Cue sports

Carom billiards

Three-cushion

Five-pins

Balkline and straight rail

Cushion caroms

Four-ball (yotsudama)

Artistic billiards

Novuss

Pocket billiards (pool)

Eight-ball

Nine-ball

Straight pool (14.1 continuous)

One-pocket

Three-ball

Seven-ball

Ten-ball

Rotation

Baseball pocket billiards

Cribbage (pool)

Bank pool

Artistic pool

Trick shot competition

Speed pool

Bowlliards

Chicago

Kelly pool

Cutthroat

Killer

Russian pyramid

Snooker

Snooker plus

Hybrid caromocket games

English billiards

Bottle pool

Cowboy

Obstacle variations

Bagatelle

Bar billiards

Bumper pool

Dance

Three ballet dancers performing a grand jet jump

Modern dance

Main article: Outline of dance

Ballet

Ballroom Dancing

Color Guard

Ensemble

Flag Twirling

Flamenco

Hip-hop

Interpretive dance

Jazz

Latin

Lyrical dance

Modern dance

Musical Theatre

Pointe

Poms

Salsa

SloModern

Swing

Tap

Equine Sports

Main article: Equestrianism

Sports using a horse.

Barrel racing

Barrel Racing

Campdrafting

Cross Country

Dressage

Endurance riding

English Pleasure

Equitation

Eventing

Equestrian vaulting

Gymkhana

Harness racing

Horse racing

Horse racing at Arlington Park, 2007

Hunter

Reining

Rodeo

Show Jumping

Steeplechase

Team penning

Tent pegging

Western Pleasure

Fishing

Main article: Fishing

Angling

Big-game fishing

Casting

Noodling

Spearfishing

Sport fishing

Surf fishing

Rock fishing

Flying disc sports

Main article: Flying disc games

Disc dog

Disc golf

Dodge disc

Durango boot

Double disc court

Flutterguts

Freestyle

Fricket, (AKA disc cricket, cups, suzy sticks or crispy wickets)

Friskee

Goaltimate

Guts (sport)

Hot box

Ringo

Ultimate (sport)

Football family

Main article: Football

Association football

Five-a-side football

Australian football

Gaelic football

Gridiron football

American football

Canadian football

Arena football

Six-man football

Eight-man football

Nine-man football

Rugby football

Rugby league

Rugby league sevens

Rugby league nines

Touch Football

Wheelchair rugby league

Rugby union

Rugby sevens

Footvolley

Harrow Football

Haven Ball

Gymnastics

Trampoline gymnast Jason Burnett at 2008 Canadian National Championships

Main article: Gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics

Balance Beam

Floor

High Bar

Parallel Bars

Pommel Horse

Still Rings

Uneven Bars

Vault

Majorette

Competitive rope jumping

Juggling

Rhythmic gymnastics

Sports acrobatics

Tricking

Parkour

Trampolining

Trapeze

Flying trapeze

Static trapeze

Handball Family

Basketball player Dwight Howard making a slam dunk at 2008 Summer Olympic Games

Main article: Team handball

Handball games often have similarities to racquet or catch games.

American handball

Australian Handball

Basketball

European Handball

Field handball

Fistball

Fives

Eton Fives

Rugby Fives

Footvolley

Frisian handball

Four square

Gaelic handball

Goalball

Jeu de paume

Korfball

Netball

Palla

Sepak takraw

Tchoukball

Team handball

Valencian pilota

Volleyball

Water polo

Hockey family

Main article: Hockey

Bandy

Broomball

Camogie(The women’s variant of hurling)

Field Hockey

Indoor field hockey

Floorball

Hurling (The ball can be handled so Hurling is on the periphery of the ‘hockey family’).

Ice hockey

Ice hockey players Roman Hamrlik and Joffrey Lupul dueling for position

Ringette

Pond hockey

Knotty

Roller hockey

Inline hockey

Road hockey

Roller hockey (Quad)

Shinty

Spongee

Underwater hockey

Hunting

Main article: Hunting

Sometimes considered blood sports.

Beagling

Big game hunting

Deer hunting

Fox hunting

Hare coursing

Wolf hunting

Kite Sports

Kite buggy

Kite fighting

Kite landboarding

Kitesurfing

Parasailing

Snow kiting

Sport kite (Stunt kite)

Mixed discipline

The three components of triathlon: swimming, cycling, running

Biathlon

Duathlon

Decathlon

Heptathlon

Modern pentathlon

Pentathlon

Triathlon

Motorboat racing

Main article: Motorboat racing

Drag boat racing

F1 Powerboat Racing

Hydroplane racing

Jet sprint boat racing

Offshore powerboat racing/gjgg

Motorcycle racing

Main article: Motorcycle racing

Auto Race

Board track racing

Cross-country rally

Endurance racing

Enduro

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

Grass Track

Hill Climb

Ice Racing

Indoor short track

Motocross

Motorcycle drag racing

Motorcycle speedway

Road racing

Superbike racing

Supercross

Supermoto

Supersport racing

Superside

Track racing

TT racing

Free Style Moto

Orienteering family

Geocaching

Orienteering

Rogaining

Paddle sports

Canoeing

Canoeing

Outrigger canoeing

Kayaking

Main article: Kayaking

Creeking

Flyak

Freeboating

Royaking

Sea kayaking

Squirt Boating

Surf Kayaking

Whitewater kayaking

Rafting

Rafting

Rafting

White water rafting

Rowing

Gig racing

Coastal and ocean rowing

Surfboat

Dragon boat racing

Double scull

Quad four

Single scull

Straight four

Polo

Bicycle polo

Elephant polo

Horse polo

Racquet (or racket) sports

Sports where a player use a racquet (or racket) to hit a ball or other objects.

Badminton

Ball badminton

Frontenis

Jai-Alai

Matkot

Padel tennis

Paddle tennis

Paddleball

Pelota mixteca

Pickleball

Pington

Platform tennis

Racquetball

Racquets

Racketlon

Rapid Ball

Real tennis

Soft tennis

Speedball

Speedminton

Squash

Squash tennis

Stick

Table tennis

Tennis

Xare

FOOTBALL

Remote control

Model Aerobatics

RC Racing

Robot combat

Running

200 meters sprint

Main article: Running

Endurance

Cross-country running

Half marathon

Marathon

Ultramarathon

Sprint (race)

Hurdles

Sailing

Windsurfing

Main article: Sailing

Ice yachting

Land sailing

Land windsurfing

Sailing

Windsurfing

Kiteboarding

Land Kiteboarding

Skiing

Main article: Skiing

Alpine skiing

Cross country skiing

Freestyle skiing

Nordic combined

Nordic skiing

Ski jumping

Skijoring

Ski touring

Speed skiing

Telemark skiing

Sled sports

United States Air Force Major Brady Canfield, 2003 U.S. skeleton champion, shows his takeoff form.

Main article: Sledding

Bobsleigh

Luge

Skibobbing

Skeleton

Toboggan

Shooting sports

Main article: Shooting sports

Sports using a firearm.

Clay pigeon shooting

Skeet shooting

Trap shooting

Sporting clays

Target shooting

Field target

Fullbore target rifle

High Power Rifle

Benchrest shooting

Military Service Rifle

Metallic silhouette

Practical shooting

Stacking

Sport stacking

Street Stunts

Free running

Freestyle Football

Parkour

Tricking

Tag games

Kabbadi match in progress

Main article: Tag games

British bulldogs (American Eagle)

Hana Ichi Monme

Hide and seek

Kabaddi

Kho kho

Kick the can

Oztag

Red rover

Tag

Walking

Hiking

Backpacking (wilderness)

Race Walking

Greece – Hungary Water polo match (World Junior Championship 2004 Naples, Italy)

Wall-and-ball

Games involving opponents hitting a ball against a wall/walls using a racket, or other piece of equipment, or merely gloved/barehanded.

Australian handball

Basque pelota

Fives

Gaelic handball

Jorkyball

Racquetball

Rapid ball

Squash

Squash tennis

Wallball

Wallyball

A game of squash

Water sports

Main article: Water sports

Ball Sports

Underwater rugby

Underwater Soccer

Water Polo

Canoe Polo

Michael Phelps swimming breaststroke at the 2008 Missouri Grand Prix.

Competitive swimming

Main article: Competitive swimming

Backstroke

Breaststroke

Butterfly stroke

Freestyle swimming

Individual Medley

Synchronized swimming

Medley relay

Subsurface & recreational

Freediving

Scuba Diving

Snorkelling

Weightlifting

Main articles: Olympic weightlifting and Powerlifting

Clean and jerk

Deadlifting

Benchpress

Snatch

Squat (exercise)

Mind sports

Main article: Mind sports

Requiring little or no physical exertion or agility mind sports are often not considered true sports. Some mind sports are recognised by sporting federations. The following list is intended to represent anything that is likely to be referred to as a mind sport, not to argue their validity as sports.

Card Games

Main articles: Card Games and List of card games

Other

skipping

stunt pogo

stilt walking

fastbol

zorbing

skiball

chain surfing

Speedcubing

Speedcubing

2x2x2

3x3x3

4x4x4

5x5x5

6x6x6

7x7x7

Strategy Board Games

A game of mahjong being played in Hangzhou, China

Chess

Checkers

Chinese Checkers

Diplomacy

Draughts

Go

Go-Moku

Jacquet

Mancala

Mahjong

Reversi (Othello)

Sogo (Score four)

Stratego

Battleship

Connect Four

Miscellanea

Animal sports

Chilean rodeo

beetle fighting

Bull riding

Bull fighting

Dog sports

Camel racing

Charreada

Ferret legging

Float fishing

Hamster racing

Pigeon sport

Thoroughbred racing

Pato

Pole fishing

Polo

Chilean rodeo

Buzkashi

Hunter-jumpers

Combined training

Rattlesnake Round-Up

Dog Racing

Pig racing

Athletics (track and field)

Pole vault

Sprinting

Steeplechase

Cross-Country

Jumping

Triple jump

Long jump

High jump

Pole vault

Throwing

Discus

Hammer throw

Javelin

Atlatl

Shot put

Electronic sports

Sports played using electronic devices.

Combat robot

Radio-control vehicles

Geo caching

Contesting

StarCraft

Competitive Video Games

Endurance sports

{{columns-list|2|

Running

Swimming

Rowing

Wheelchair racing

Wood chopping

Cross-country skiing

Skipping

Dancing

Miscellaneous sports

Bungee jumping

Boomerang

Competitive eating

Egg and spoon race

Footbag (hacky sack)

Haggis hurling

Lumberjack

Tetherball

Three-legged race

Sack race

Wallball

Skating sports

Aggressive inline skating

Artistic roller skating

Bobrun skating

Ice skating

Inline speed skating

Figure skating

Rinkball

Rink hockey

Freestyle slalom skating

Roller derby

Roller skating

Roller speed skating

Short track speed skating

Skater hockey

Speed skating

Synchronized skating

Snowsports

A snowborder and a skier

A ski jumper using the V-style

Freestyle skiing

Ski flying

Skibob

Boardercross

Freestyle snowboarding

Snowshoeing

Skiboarding

Strength sports

Sports mainly based on sheer power.

Arm Wrestling

Arm Wrestling

Thumb wrestling

Bodybuilding

Finger Jousting

Powerlifting

Toe wrestling

Tug-o-war

Zourkhaneh

Table sports

Chess

Pool balls

Air hockey

Backgammon

Connect Four

several other Carom billiards variants

Eight-ball (and Blackball)

many other Pocket billiards (pool) variants

many other (generally obsolete) Obstacle variations Cue sports variants

Draughts (checker)

Dominoes

foosball

Mahjong (Taipei)

Reversi (Othello)

Shogi

Scrabble (and variants)

Subbuteo

Table football

Table Tennis (Ping Pong)

Table hockey

Tiddlywinks

Xiangqi

Target sports

Sports where the main objective is to hit a certain target.

Archery

Billiards

Bowling Pin Shooting

Carom billiards

Pool

Calva

Conkers

Croquet

Darts

Golf

Speed golf

Golfcross

Horseshoes (horseshoe throwing)

Knife throwing

Lawn bowls

Matball

Pall mall

Petanque

Shooting

Trugo

Skittles (sport)

Skee ball

Pitch and putt

Team sports

Sports that involve teams.

Football player Lionel Messi shoots from just outside the Manchester United penalty area during the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final

Association Football (soccer)

Australian rules football

Ball hockey

Basketball

Beach handball

Beach soccer

Beach rugby

Beach volleyball

Bossaball

Box/indoor lacrosse

Bowling

Basque pelota

Broomball

Bunnock

Camogie

Cubbies

Footballtennis

Futsal

Gateball

Handball

Hornussen

Horseshoe

Indoor soccer

Kickball

Lacrosse

Marching Band

Mesoamerican ballgame

Polocrosse

Paintball

Ringette

Roller Hockey (Rink Hockey)

Royal Shrovetide Football

Sepak Takraw

Skittles

Slamball

Soccer

Speedball

Tennis Polo

Throwball

Underwater football

Wallyball

Wheelchair basketball

Wheelchair tennis

Wiffle ball

Six-man football

Flag football

Windsports

Sports which use the wind (apart from sailing):

Kite flying

parachuting

Oscar sport

History of sports

Main article: History of sports

Sports history organizations

Sports timeline

General sports concepts

Athlete

Coach

Disabled sports

Extreme sports

Fan

Fantasy sports

Female sport

Gamesmanship

Multi-sport events

Nationalism and sport

Olympic Games

Performance art

Professional sport

Professional sports

Regulation of sport

Spectator sport

Sponsor

Sporting club

Sports coaching

Sports equipment

Sports in film

Sports injuries

Sports journalism

Sportsmanship

Sports marketing

Sports memorabilia

Sportsperson

Sportswear

Student athlete

Violence in sports

World record

Sports governing bodies

Main article: Sports governing bodies

This section requires expansion.

World governing bodies of various notable sports:

The Olympic Games: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Baseball: International Baseball Federation (IBAF), but several countries/regions have their own professional bodies with rules variations, including Cuba, US/Canada, and Japan

Basketball: International Basketball Federation (FIBA), but national pro leagues may diverge from its rules, as in the US

Cricket: International Cricket Council (ICC)

Cue sports governing bodies are divided by discipline:

Carom billiards: Union Mondiale de Billard (UMB)

Pocket billiards (pool): World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA)

Snooker and English billiards: World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker)

Football variants have many governing bodies, with widely divergent rules:

Association football (soccer): International Federation of Association Football (FIFA)

Gridiron football is divided in into US and Canadian rules and bodies

Rugby football is divided into two “codes” or sets of rules, union and league

Australian-rules football: Australian Football League (AFL)

Gaelic football: Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)

International-rules football: A conference of the AFL and GAA

Golf has no single governing body, but is divided nationally and regionally.

Ice hockey: International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)

Motor racing:

Car racing: International Federation of the Automobile (FIA)

Motorcycle racing: International Motorcycling Federation (FIM)

Motorboat racing: International Motonautical Union (UIM) and others, depending on boat type

Tennis: International Tennis Federation (ITF)

See also

Sports portal

Sports-related lists

List of sportspeople

List of sports attendance figures

List of professional sports leagues

References

Merriam-Webster dictionary entry

Ancient Olympic Games

Sport and apartheid

External links

Find more about Sport on Wikipedia’s sister projects:

Definitions from Wiktionary

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Quotations from Wikiquote

Source texts from Wikisource

Images and media from Commons

News stories from Wikinews

Learning resources from Wikiversity

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Categories: Outlines | Sports-related listsHidden categories: Articles to be expanded from December 2009 | All articles to be expanded | Articles to be expanded from June 2009

different types of equipments that are used for sports or different types of games are known as Sports Equipment.These equipments help us to maintain our  body fitness as well as to play games.There are a various types of sports goods

Balls it is used  for playing footballs

sticks,bats and clubs sticks are used for playing hockey and lacrosse.bats can be used for baseball,cricket.clubs are used mainly for Golf.

Flying Discs These are used for games such as discgolf.

Nets Nets are used for tennis,volleyball,basketball and badminton.

Protective equipments it is used in any sports where injury can occur due to collision of players or other objects.some of protective equipments are helmets,mouthguards,shin pads,jock strap.these are used for motor sports.ice hockey and American Football.

Exercise Equipments To keep our body healthy and fit we use sports equipments such as swiss balls,weights and equipments for gym.

Now a days through internet it is possible to know details of sports equipment ,its price,manufacturer and seller.so if anyone is interested there are a various method to get updated information about latest offer about sports equipment through internet.

Road bicycle is called Road bikes .This is mainly a racing bicycle.These road bikes  have drop handle bars and multiple gears(single gear and fixed gear).Road bikes are lighter than other bicycles.In road bikes rolling resistance has to decrease.so it uses narrow,high pressure tires.

Road bicycle is used primarily on paved roads,there are various types of road bikes

Touring Bicycles:-comfortable and can carry heavy loads.

Hybrid bicycles:-primarily used on paved roads  but also can used on smooth unpaved roads.

Utility Bicycles:-Traditional bicycle for marketing and running in town and cities.

Roadster:-A specific type of utility bicycle developed in Uk.

Recumbent Bicycle:-unusual riding position in which the cyclist is seated in a reclined position.